Security Controls
Windows Defender
Checking the Status of Defender with Get-MpComputerStatus
PS C:\htb> Get-MpComputerStatus
AMEngineVersion : 1.1.17400.5
AMProductVersion : 4.10.14393.0
AMServiceEnabled : True
AMServiceVersion : 4.10.14393.0
AntispywareEnabled : True
AntispywareSignatureAge : 1
AntispywareSignatureLastUpdated : 9/2/2020 11:31:50 AM
AntispywareSignatureVersion : 1.323.392.0
AntivirusEnabled : True
AntivirusSignatureAge : 1
AntivirusSignatureLastUpdated : 9/2/2020 11:31:51 AM
AntivirusSignatureVersion : 1.323.392.0
BehaviorMonitorEnabled : False
ComputerID : 07D23A51-F83F-4651-B9ED-110FF2B83A9C
ComputerState : 0
FullScanAge : 4294967295
FullScanEndTime :
FullScanStartTime :
IoavProtectionEnabled : False
LastFullScanSource : 0
LastQuickScanSource : 2
NISEnabled : False
NISEngineVersion : 0.0.0.0
NISSignatureAge : 4294967295
NISSignatureLastUpdated :
NISSignatureVersion : 0.0.0.0
OnAccessProtectionEnabled : False
QuickScanAge : 0
QuickScanEndTime : 9/3/2020 12:50:45 AM
QuickScanStartTime : 9/3/2020 12:49:49 AM
RealTimeProtectionEnabled : True
RealTimeScanDirection : 0
PSComputerName :AppLocker
Organizations also often focus on blocking the PowerShell.exe executable, but forget about the other PowerShell executable locations such as %SystemRoot%\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe or PowerShell_ISE.exe.
Using Get-AppLockerPolicy cmdlet
PS C:\htb> Get-AppLockerPolicy -Effective | select -ExpandProperty RuleCollections
PathConditions : {%SYSTEM32%\WINDOWSPOWERSHELL\V1.0\POWERSHELL.EXE}
PathExceptions : {}
PublisherExceptions : {}
HashExceptions : {}
Id : 3d57af4a-6cf8-4e5b-acfc-c2c2956061fa
Name : Block PowerShell
Description : Blocks Domain Users from using PowerShell on workstations
UserOrGroupSid : S-1-5-21-2974783224-3764228556-2640795941-513
Action : Deny
PathConditions : {%PROGRAMFILES%\*}
PathExceptions : {}
PublisherExceptions : {}
HashExceptions : {}
Id : 921cc481-6e17-4653-8f75-050b80acca20
Name : (Default Rule) All files located in the Program Files folder
Description : Allows members of the Everyone group to run applications that are located in the Program Files folder.
UserOrGroupSid : S-1-1-0
Action : Allow
PathConditions : {%WINDIR%\*}
PathExceptions : {}
PublisherExceptions : {}
HashExceptions : {}
Id : a61c8b2c-a319-4cd0-9690-d2177cad7b51
Name : (Default Rule) All files located in the Windows folder
Description : Allows members of the Everyone group to run applications that are located in the Windows folder.
UserOrGroupSid : S-1-1-0
Action : Allow
PathConditions : {*}
PathExceptions : {}
PublisherExceptions : {}
HashExceptions : {}
Id : fd686d83-a829-4351-8ff4-27c7de5755d2
Name : (Default Rule) All files
Description : Allows members of the local Administrators group to run all applications.
UserOrGroupSid : S-1-5-32-544
Action : AllowPowerShell Constrained Language Mode
PowerShell Constrained Language Mode locks down many of the features needed to use PowerShell effectively, such as blocking COM objects, only allowing approved .NET types, XAML-based workflows, PowerShell classes, and more.
Enumerating Language Mode
PS C:\htb> $ExecutionContext.SessionState.LanguageMode
ConstrainedLanguageLAPS
The Microsoft Local Administrator Password Solution (LAPS) is used to randomize and rotate local administrator passwords on Windows hosts and prevent lateral movement.
We can enumerate what domain users can read the LAPS password set for machines with LAPS installed and what machines do not have LAPS installed.
The LAPSToolkit greatly facilitates this with several functions. One is parsing ExtendedRights for all computers with LAPS enabled. This will show groups specifically delegated to read LAPS passwords, which are often users in protected groups. An account that has joined a computer to a domain receives All Extended Rights over that host, and this right gives the account the ability to read passwords.
Enumeration may show a user account that can read the LAPS password on a host. This can help us target specific AD users who can read LAPS passwords.
Using Find-LAPSDelegatedGroups
PS C:\htb> Find-LAPSDelegatedGroups
OrgUnit Delegated Groups
------- ----------------
OU=Servers,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL INLANEFREIGHT\Domain Admins
OU=Servers,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL INLANEFREIGHT\LAPS Admins
OU=Workstations,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL INLANEFREIGHT\Domain Admins
OU=Workstations,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL INLANEFREIGHT\LAPS Admins
OU=Web Servers,OU=Servers,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL INLANEFREIGHT\Domain Admins
OU=Web Servers,OU=Servers,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL INLANEFREIGHT\LAPS Admins
OU=SQL Servers,OU=Servers,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL INLANEFREIGHT\Domain Admins
OU=SQL Servers,OU=Servers,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL INLANEFREIGHT\LAPS Admins
OU=File Servers,OU=Servers,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=L... INLANEFREIGHT\Domain Admins
OU=File Servers,OU=Servers,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=L... INLANEFREIGHT\LAPS Admins
OU=Contractor Laptops,OU=Workstations,DC=INLANEF... INLANEFREIGHT\Domain Admins
OU=Contractor Laptops,OU=Workstations,DC=INLANEF... INLANEFREIGHT\LAPS Admins
OU=Staff Workstations,OU=Workstations,DC=INLANEF... INLANEFREIGHT\Domain Admins
OU=Staff Workstations,OU=Workstations,DC=INLANEF... INLANEFREIGHT\LAPS Admins
OU=Executive Workstations,OU=Workstations,DC=INL... INLANEFREIGHT\Domain Admins
OU=Executive Workstations,OU=Workstations,DC=INL... INLANEFREIGHT\LAPS Admins
OU=Mail Servers,OU=Servers,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=L... INLANEFREIGHT\Domain Admins
OU=Mail Servers,OU=Servers,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=L... INLANEFREIGHT\LAPS AdminsUsing Find-AdmPwdExtendedRights
This is for finding users that can read the LAPS password
PS C:\htb> Find-AdmPwdExtendedRights
ComputerName Identity Reason
------------ -------- ------
EXCHG01.INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL INLANEFREIGHT\Domain Admins Delegated
EXCHG01.INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL INLANEFREIGHT\LAPS Admins Delegated
SQL01.INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL INLANEFREIGHT\Domain Admins Delegated
SQL01.INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL INLANEFREIGHT\LAPS Admins Delegated
WS01.INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL INLANEFREIGHT\Domain Admins Delegated
WS01.INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL INLANEFREIGHT\LAPS Admins DelegatedUsing Get-LAPSComputers
We can use the Get-LAPSComputers function to search for computers that have LAPS enabled when passwords expire, and even the randomized passwords in cleartext if our user has access.
PS C:\htb> Get-LAPSComputers
ComputerName Password Expiration
------------ -------- ----------
DC01.INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL 6DZ[+A/[]19d$F 08/26/2020 23:29:45
EXCHG01.INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL oj+2A+[hHMMtj, 09/26/2020 00:51:30
SQL01.INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL 9G#f;p41dcAe,s 09/26/2020 00:30:09
WS01.INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL TCaG-F)3No;l8C 09/26/2020 00:46:04Last updated